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Reference

Finished or not

Whether an action got finished shows in the object's ending, not in the tense.

All grammar
Called
aspekt
aspect in an English grammar book

What it is for

  • Done, and all of it: "I ate the cake", the whole cake

    • Ostsin odava auto.

      I bought a cheap car.

    • Sõin taldriku tühjaks.

      I finished everything on my plate.

  • Unfinished, or only some: the "some of it" ending

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  • Sõin tüki torti.

    I ate a piece of cake.

  • Jõin klaasi vett.

    I drank a glass of water.

  • Small words like "up" and "off" underline that it's finished

    • Palun koori kartulid ära.

      Please peel the potatoes.

    • Hambapasta sai otsa.

      We ran out of toothpaste.

    • Watch out

    English shows this with the tense and Estonian with an ending, so the two never line up. It's the hardest single thing to carry over.

    Where the course teaches it

    2 units
    • The whole thing, or some of itB1Choose between an object in the osastav (3rd form) and one in the omastav (2nd form), and explain why.
    • Verbs with a particleB1Use the small words like ära, üles and läbi that completely change what a verb means.

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