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Reference

Turning a clause into a thing

A whole clause squeezed into one noun. It's what makes formal Estonian so dense.

All grammar
The ending that carries it
-mine

What it is for

  • One noun stands in for a whole "that" or "when" clause
  • The doer goes in front, in the form that means "whose"

    • Tarbijate käitumine on enamasti ennustatav.

      Consumer behavior is mostly predictable.

    • Alliansi laienemine on olnud edukas.

      The expansion of the alliance has been successful.

  • Standard in academic, legal and official writing

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Watch out

This is the biggest single difference between B2 and C1 writing. Overdo it and you get the officialese Estonians grumble about as loudly as anybody.

Where the course teaches it

13 units
  • Society and public lifeB2Follow a public debate and take a side in it.
  • Economy and businessB2Read a business page and explain an economic trend.
  • Building words from wordsB2Spot the suffix on a word you've never seen and work out what it probably means.
  • Politics and powerB2Understand election coverage and explain how a decision gets made.
  • The health systemB2Find your way around the health system and discuss public health policy.
  • Science and methodB2Follow a popular science article and describe how a study was done.
  • Mind and behaviorB2Talk about motivation, habits and behavior in abstract terms.
  • Working lifeB2Handle a job interview, a negotiation and a difficult conversation at work.
  • Turning clauses into phrasesC1Pack a clause into a noun phrase, the way formal Estonian expects.
  • Arguing a pointC1Write an academic paragraph with a claim, support and a qualification.
  • Research writingC1Read a research abstract and describe how a study was designed and where it falls short.
  • Ideas in the abstractC1Discuss an abstract idea without reaching for a concrete example every sentence.
  • Technology and changeC1Discuss technological change and what it does to society.

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