Reference
Fourteen endings. Three you learn by heart, and eleven you can work out.
How the cases work
You learn three forms of a word by heart. Every other case is one of those three with an ending stuck on, and it's the same ending for every word in the language.
Practice these in the app, on words you are learning, with every answer marked. Sign in, it’s free
You learn these three with each new word, because no rule gives them to you. The second one matters most: every ending below is added to it.
Into, in and out of. For boxes, buildings and towns, and for languages, months and moods too.
Onto, on and off. For tables and shelves, for people, and for how Estonian says someone has something.
Becoming, up to, as, without and with. No puzzles here: each ending is one simple idea.
Estonian verbs have just two tenses
A present and a past. Two more are made with a helper verb, the way English says “have done”. Mood, voice and person are separate switches on top, so you describe any form by saying how each switch is set.
Grouped by the kind of word they're about, in the order a course would teach them.
Now and before, "have done" and "had done", and the forms for polite requests, orders and hearsay.
Nouns, adjectives and numbers: how they change, and how much of a thing you mean.
How sentences join up, what a verb demands after it, and where the commas go.
The part no rule covers: which of three correct ways to say something fits the moment.
The singular endings go on the omastav (2nd form), and the plural ones on the mitmuse omastav (2nd form, plural). If the dictionary has no mitmuse omastav for a word, its table shows a gap rather than a guess.
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